The Free Style of Liberty Training Without the Punitive Push
Jul 1st, 2010 by Carolyn Resnick Method
Working with horses at liberty, the focus is on many aspects. Liberty work teaches a horse to govern his performance himself, and really commit to the dance you would like him to participate in. The trainer learns how to control the horse’s behavior without having to actively control the horse. Liberty Training brings out different behaviors and engages the horse’s intelligence in different ways than traditional training with tack. It enhances a horse’s ability to learn new things far more than we previously thought possible.
Once the horse has been exposed to training at liberty, tack becomes a supportive aid rather than a governing aid. After he has been developed at liberty, tack helps to communicate with the horse rather than control or govern him.
My life has been working with horses at liberty, and horses continue to surprise me in how quickly they learn without tack. The most notable lesson that a horse learns more quickly at liberty is to halt when asked. Halt is where my focus is these days because I am working with Lila and her horse Sebastian to prepare him for bridle-less riding.
It takes some preparation for equestrians to learn how to approach a horse at liberty. The most valuable tool to understand while training at Liberty is where you put your focus, because the wrong focus with the right approach will cause failure in training new lessons like halt. Even though we have halt with companion walking, a horse needs to be schooled again on other places where you would ask for halt. An example: let’s say you are training your horse to halt on request while you are free lunging him around you and, when you asked for the halt, the horse continued on. I would ask my horse to keep going but I would be careful that the horse did not see my driving aids as punitive. Then I would try again to get a stop at the specific point I needed the halt to occur in a very casual way. If I were to make the horse move on as a consequence of him not listening to me, and have to work around me until he stopped — that would be using the same attitude you would use with tack. It would cause a horse to shut down and lose his thoughtfulness to want to listen and volunteer his performance. But if I ask the horse to keep going without the punitive push, the horse will most likely stop the next time around like magic. If he does not stop on his own right away, then in just a few trips around, the horse will figure out the target point himself without the consequence of pressure brought into the mix.
At liberty, you need to trust and allow, and also keep the energy light and moving.
When you work with a horse in this manner, you discover what I call the New Horse. A horse that we have seen movies about and read books about, but one that will never appear when we make a horse perform under duress or consequence.
I believe that our biggest goal is to develop the ability to discern the timing at when our horses are about to offer performance and then ask them specifically at that moment to perform. We need to accept what we get, knowing that our horses will advance and learn without having to push them into performing the task. Approaching our horse and his performance in this way will allow him to develop magically. From a pause and reconnection, you will find it unnecessary to push him around, subjecting him to unpleasant consequences if he does not perform.
If you like, I would love you to give a story where your horse learned a new behavior at liberty with my method that was surprising and appeared out of the blue, or where your horse showed amazing intelligence and cooperation, or responded to you in a magical way. Please, if you are in the Insiders Circle, remember, your homework is to answer the last post. It will help me to develop the programs for you that are coming up.
Have a great weekend and keep a look out for New Horse sightings.
Carolyn
No related posts.
I hadn’t read this post before, and even though I am late, I will share this fantastic break through that I had with my horse.
I have been doing the waterhole rituals for a while and working at liberty, without punishment for the horse, for over a year. It has been a fun and a great learning experience.
One of the things that I have long desired, was to have the horse circle me. Sure, it is one of the rituals, but we never got it. We also never figured out leading from behind. I ended up doing lots of sharing territory and companion walking. Then the other day, while doing companion walking, my horse Jackson slowly walked away. I followed behind him and encouraged him to go a little faster. I then moved to his right and left and was amazed at how well he turned. It was just so cool!
With the beginning of leading from behind, it quickly developed into circling. I was so happy and I was having lots of fun. This has progressed until we were able to do a liberty demonstration at a horse fair in a big, fenceless arena with horses close by. We had such a connection!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZJvQ85SAKsM
Thank you so much, Carolyn!
Ivy
I have an andalusian filly,Ellie. She just being started under saddle and she has reared up and flipped over backwards 4 or 5 times. It started when we tried to trailer load and she did it again at the barn doorway(it’s a low door)_Now it’s time to back her and my trainer won’t get on her. She has called some other trainers around here and none will do it. I’m told the horse can’t be used for riding, too dangerous. What can I do?
(IC)
Sorry I am behind in reading this blog.
My horse Pico used to blow through my requests to do a down transition at liberty on a circle. After practicing the WR for several weeks and only doing this I went back to some liberty circle game and when I asked for ‘whoa’ he whoaed! So I would be in the middle of my area which is 60′ x 120′ and he circles around me at one end on about a 50′ circle. I was surprised and thrilled so I ran to the bucket of food and took him some carrots. Now he does down transitions very easily and willingly. I am still working out my body language for trot to walk and not trot to halt.
I also find that my horses are always coming to the gate when I go outside. Even if I am not going to see them they always look hopeful that I am. It’s tough to pass them up these days.:-)
Diane
Hi Carolyn, This post was very helpful. I have been working with the little black stallion yearling, he was just weaned from his mother about a month ago. They were taken to another farm for a couple of weeks and then Twilight returned sans mom. Not thinking about how the dynamics would change I took him out of the paddock he was now sharing with my gypsy filly and a pony. I guess he probably looked for his mother in the other paddock where they used to be and not being able to connect with her he became frightened and started to fuss about, his halter broke and he ran to the fence where the herd saw what was happening and were there to calm him and I was able to clip the lead on and return him to his paddock. Realizing that the dynamics were different I started working with him anew. I have been taking Shiloh and the pony out of the paddock and working alone with him. The other night I went into the paddock without a reed ( not on purpose being forgetful) Twilight was galloping around the perimeter of the paddock because he was alone, he came galloping full tilt towards me and I put my hands like I have been doing and said whoa he halted immediately. I then hopped out and got my reed. But I loved how he listened . I have been following your clip on working with your stallion and it is exactly as you define. Thanks Carolyn for you guidance……… Namaste Sherry
Hello,
My story actually doesn’t involve Maia, my current horse. It involves my first horse I did “natural” type work with, Caspian. I had done almost every kind of training with him, clicker and tricks and natural horsemanship and dressage, always in the quest for that magical connection… and yet it never came. He was a rather shut down horse, worried about life.
Just before I sold him, I found your method and began doing the rituals with him. One day, I went through the rituals, getting to and doing Taking Territory a few times. Suddenly, it was like something utterly clicked and totally connected. I have never felt a bond like that with a horse before or since. It was like we were one; he completely didn’t even want to eat his food anymore — the moment I’d take even a step away he’d come right to my side and be utterly in sync with me — over and over. I had long desired a relationship with a horse that would cause him to choose me over food, and this time, it happened — without force. With relationship…
Blessings,
Hannah
Last week I did the eye contact with my new horse and two others. I did not do this ritual for a while, but two horses needed a bit more focus to follow the lesson we were going to do and the new one needed to learn it.
I had put some bananas on the ground and invited the three horses to eat, it took the old horses ver short time to adjust their position to keep eye contact with me and i was very surprised how the new horse just followed the experienced ones.
I now understand better how much horses learn from each other.
Insider Circle
Dear Carolyn, I wish I had nothing to do but follow your program and read and write – well, at least sometimes.
Every time I am with the horses, something will happen that is new, surprising, wonderful or challenging.
There are three little stories I would like to share:
The other day I spent about 45 minutes sharing territory and companion walking with my two horses Shadow and Marcus.
At one point I was sitting down at the side of the barn and Shadow came over and looked at me. Then all of a sudden he literally beckoned me to get up and follow him. He turned his head to me and away from me, expecting me to follow him. I was so surprised. He did this a few times until he had me standing where he wanted and then I sat down on the ground and he lowered his head and really looked me in the eyes. What was he saying?
I don’t pretend to know, but I have started to think of riding him again, which I had stopped because it made me nervous.
If ever I needed proof of our growing bond, this was it!
The progress I want to share is about Marcus, who has little feeling for boundaries and just wants to climb on my lap and nibble all the time. This has bought him many a kick and bite in the herd, poor boy. Since doing the waterhole rituals, he is growing in stature and little by little becoming more independent. This morning I took him for a walk and he walked beside me, very relaxed and happy, keeping his disance, never once nipping or pushing into me. I am very proud of him!
The third story is about a teenager with chronic fatigue syndrome we work with. ( I do equine assisted learning). She owns a mare who up until recently was very agressive. Together, we have done lots of sharing territory , companion walking and reciprocal movement with her mare, all the quiet things which require little energy. My daughter and I fill in the rest. Allready, the mare has become much sweeter and the biting has turned into a mere quivvering of lips. The child has a strong bond with her horse and is very motivated by her . I hope they will heal each other.
This is about much more than horsemanship,
with heartfelt thanks!
back from holiday and i have to read so much but i started today.
After reading this i will share you my little story.
It have nothing to do with at liberty training of a horse but at liberty training of a human.
We were in the UK and walking on the hills. Suddenly i know they were there because of the pooh. i saw a pony and a filly. (they live semi wild up there)
This filly was cute two blue eyes and i wanna take a picture of them.
But i was to focesed on making the right picture so the ponys were walking away from me. Then i suddenly thought what i am doing wrong?
i was reading during my holiday the new book of KFH and the blogs of Carolyn goes through my mind.
So i changed my body and breathing. Make a connection with earth and myself. Then the ponys stopped walking. i could come closer and closer.
Sit down on the grass and started to take pics.
i could do anything and they were not afraid anymore and let me do what i wanted.
This was so good, and will stay with me during my training at home.
Hi Carolyn,
I’ve had the pleasure to help introduce your method to a neighbor of mine who has just purchased a young, scared Arabian gelding. My neighbor exercises up to 14 horses a day and grew up in pony club, but until his Arab Rocket arrived, he never “needed” anything other than traditional training.
Rocket gave my neighbor a concussion by bolting out from under him while mounting, and after he healed up and tried riding him again, the pattern continued. This lead my neighbor straight to me because he’s seen the relationship I have with my horses. After a trainer determined that Rocket has to be started over again and is not safe to be ridden at this time, my neighbor was horrified because he didn’t know what to do with his horse. I’ve spent a great deal of time over at his house showing him how to work with Rocket at liberty, and it’s made a huge difference–both in the horse and the rider. Not having seen anything like this before, my neighbor was amazed at free-lunging, but the best part was when some spontaneous companion walking broke out. I’ve never seen such a smile in my life! Rocket had been charging at my neighbor with pinned ears, trying to bite him at every turn just one week before. I have to admit, I was one giant goose bump when the light switched on and he proudly proclaimed that he just learned how to speak horse. I was very nearly in tears when he hugged Rocket’s head and told me he’d never been able to do that before with any of his horses because they would all try to bite him.
I wish I had a camera to capture that moment, but I know it’s one I’ll never forget. Thank you so much for sharing what you’ve learned over the years. It’s made a world of difference to so many of us. Love, Carol
Hi Carolyn,
The other day when working with Dakota, one of the things I did was to send him off to the left, then brought him around while I backed up a bit and then sent him off to the right. Don’t know if I’m describing it correctly, but it was kind of serpentine like, in front of me. This was new. I didn’t start out with that in mind, but it kind of morphed into it and he and I had fun doing it. When he learns something new, I get very excited in my voice and he gets a lot of “Good Boy, that’s IT, yea yea yea!!!!” along with rubs and treats. When he sees and hears me and my antics, he really KNOWS he’s done something right or that I like and will repeat it. I got my version of this from watching you talking and encouraging horses on your videos.
Also that same day, when I was calling him to come to me at a nice trot, I noticed his ears slightly back (maybe they always were before but I didn’t notice), so as he was coming up I raised my hand up like a “peace sign” and said ears and up they went! So I’ll have to be more conscious of that and continue it.
I LOVE reading your blogs and being part of the Insider Circle!
Thank you.
Pat in Mexico
Carolyn
I wish we could get all the people who have horses to follow your program.
In-the-Box Student
Hi Carolyn and Everyone,
I am doing the WHR class with a horse that is less complicated than my own horse, King. I’ll do the course over again on my own with King, once I feel ready to work with him. What I am doing with King now is what I feel I can do, which is sharing territory in his stall, hand grooming him, and reading a book with him in the arena while I am outside of it near the fence.
The other day, he was in the arena and I was reading near the fence, and he enjoyed a wonderful roll. Then he just laid there. This made me a little nervous, so I stood up by the fence, made some “kissing” noises and called his name. Right away, he got up and walked straight to me, just like my dog would have. I held out my hand and we said “hello”, and then we just stood there like that, him in the arena near the fence, and me outside the arena at the fence. I was thrilled. Never in my wildest dreams did I imagine that King would come to me when called. It was such a magical wonderful surprise.
Carolyn,
I am a long time reader but this is the first time I have responded. I have had some amazing experiences with my horse at Liberty. I have a 5 year old haflinger gelding that I have had since he was 2 and done all the training on myself. He is quiet and thoughtful undersaddle and during ground work but he lacked motivation and exuberance in his work. I could not get him to canter and he was very clumsy over the ground poles and small gymnastics I was introducing him to.
I have done a bunch of ground work and one day free in the pasture I gave him my body language cues to circle around me and he did! It was an amazing feeling to have a horse working around me when he could have been with his buddies or grazing. Now we do most of our ground work at liberty and I introduce any new activity at liberty always. I also began incorporating clicker training in our program as well which he loves! He has become so excited about work and very quick to please along with more balanced and comfortable in his own body.
Since starting our liberty work he will now walk, trot, canter, and halt by my side and also in a circle depending on my body language. He offered to canter all by himself along with offering the Spanish walk one day out of the blue! He now jumps at liberty with confidence and will follow me around an entire course of jumps. He will back up on comand as well and recently backed through a deep puddle at my suggestion which was a break through for him (he hates water).
I agree 100% about what you said above not making liberty about punishment or dominance. Whenever I developed an attitude like that it would destroy the connection and my horse would leave! As long as I keep an open dialog with my horse though and keep it collaborative and fun he loves to cooperate. I find that it is about matching energy with him not overpowering him, would you agree?
I have also switched over to bitless and clicker training for my undersaddle work and witnessed a similar transformation from a well behaved but sluggish pony to an exuberant and happy partner. I have ridden bridless in the ring as well and he is very well behaved. He stops and goes through the gates well but our steering is still inconsistent. Any advise on guiding your horses direction bridless?
Below are some pictures of my horse and I working together at liberty. I hope you may check them out!
http://goldentheponygirl.blogspot.com/2010/05/golden-days-of-early-summer.html
and
http://goldentheponygirl.blogspot.com/2010/04/pony-rehab.html
Thank you for your thoughtful posts I have really enjoyed educating myself through your writing
Sincerely,
Molly
Hi Carolyn,
I haven’t checked in for a while, but have been reading. I thank you for this blog. It is always something I look forward to and it always gives me some reassurance I am doing the right things with my crew.
I decided to approach my mares foal a different way two years ago than I have ever done with others. No imprinting, no haltering at a young age, no interference with his early bond with his mother other than being with them, scratches and pets. I started to ask him follow me around and used my body to influence his movement once he was about a month old. He caught on extremely quick and enjoyed ‘playing’ with me. We only did short little sessions to start and I feel it kept him interested and wanting more. Mom had always accepted my playing with him and never tried to interfere. It was almost as if she appreciated the break.
When he was 6 months I decided to put a halter on him mainly because I figure it wasn’t a great idea to have a horse that I couldn’t halter in the event I needed to move him, veterinary and hoof care etc…I expected the usual resistance to having a strange object on his body. Nothing of the kind happened. He and I had built a mutual trust and he followed me around on the loose lead just as he had done at liberty. Only once did we have a tug and it was when we where out walking by the field of 4 youngsters who where whooping it up. He got excited and started to rear and jump around. I didn’t get into jerking him around, just directed him back to me and it wasn’t long before he realized that wasn’t going to work very well when on the lead and we walked calmly away from the others.
He is now just turned two and we still do allot of liberty work, but are also preparing for more future learning. He accepts a blanket on his back and all kinds of things around, under and on his body. He now works well with a neck rope and I have introduced a side pull which he will come running for when he sees me come up to the gate with it in my hand. I feel one of the biggest keys in having such an enthusiastic young man is first of all trust, keeping it fun, no forcing, and paying attention to his attention span. He will let me trim his hooves at liberty and just last week cut himself on who knows what just above the hoof. Something that requires a wrap to keep it clean and a partial hoof cast to keep it all in place. He has been an exceptional patient and for a young horse who hasn’t had to stand for medical care until this incident I couldn’t ask for anything more.
Hi Carolyn
I am not in the programme but I think I would like to be in the next one.
I have a 5yr old Appaloosa mare who is very sensitive and combines a dominant personality with lack of confidence in new situations.Liberty training is making huge differences to her connection to me.Sharing territory has massively increased her confidence in me without taking away her self respect.
Today I was working on companion walking but she wasn’t really in the mood but suddenly offered to circle round me-something I haven’t attempted before , so I took this and she managed several laps both ways, coming in easily when I asked.
I then tried companion walking again but she she didn’t want this but instead offered to go sideways parallel to the fence.This is something we have done on line , and she is often very resistant.Today at liberty it was soft and calm.Amazing!
So instead of what I planned we did some completely new stuff without fuss or pressure-I love it!
Dear Carolyn,
Thank you for your reply. I understand what you mean about asking for the halt in a moment when the horse is increasing pace; like getting a good slide stop on a reining pattern, you have to cue the stop when the horse is accelerating. However, how to apply the principle to liberty work is way beyond my ken. I will contact Tessa about arranging a phone counseling session to try to learn how to approach it.
Here is a New Horse story I would like to share. My horses are usually in stalls during thunderstorms. I let them out again when the skies clear, even at odd hours. The other night I was leading the horses from the barn to the pasture after midnight. The sky was overcast so there was no moonlight. It is a short distance, maybe 150-200 feet, and I usually lead each horse at liberty. They know the routine and rarely wander. This evening, however, a young mare named Bree found some grass more appealing than staying with me and left me, heading off to graze near some big bushes. I was sort of asleep and decided to leave her and get the next horse, figuring she’d come to me more readily after she’d grazed for a bit. I guess I sort of forgot about her for a while (I’m rarely at my best after midnight) and brought the other horses, one by one, to the gate without incident. I was walking out with the last horse when Bree emerged from the bushes rather quickly, startling both me and the horse I was escorting. He is huge TB who is easily alarmed. He jumped sideways about two feet, head in the sky, tail raised like a flag, nostrils flaring; then looked around and saw it was Bree. Instead of bolting (and taking Bree with him), which I expected at that point, he lowered his head and looked right at me. If I had to name his expression, I’d swear he was amused. His head came down and he rubbed me with his nose, then calmly followed me to the gate and went into the pasture. Bree, all innocence, came too. I should mention that I’ve been sharing territory with both horses sporadically since the course began, and doing some of the other rituals with them as well. Bree is not yet started under saddle and the other horse is just beginning to get comfortable being ridden. Anyone who knows TBs knows that two healthy young horses who’ve been cooped up in a stall for hours could hardly be blamed for taking advantage of such a situation to go careening all over the farm. The fact that they both dealt with my lapses of judgment with such equanimity is a testament to the power of liberty training.
It really makes me feel ‘light’ reading this, and it surely will make the horse feel light when addressed in the way you describe in this post. Excellent
!
My little story: a while ago I was leading my mare Saegola from behind. I stopped, she stopped and I spontaneously decided to walk backwards behind her. She immediately responded by going backwards as well, so I could ‘draw’ her backwards! It felt amazing! After that she offered it a few more times, so she seemed to like it a lot
.
Dear Carolyn;
Here is my story. I was working with Key at Liberty and it seemed we had a great connection until I touched her back and tried to companion walk. She didn’t like this at all and kicked up and almost clipped my chin with her hind hoof. I ran her in her stall and left her there. This happened to be on a friday and I am usually very busy on weekends so I did not get to spend much time with her over the weekend. Monday I decided to slow way down and just let Key be Key and not ask anything of her. This happened several weeks ago and she is a totally different horse. I cut out all her treats other than when absolutely neccessary (ie: cleaning her feet and grooming). She doesn’t like to be touched, but she has become so affectionate. When she doesn’t want to do something I ask of her she puts her head against my chest and her nose under my arm. So I don’t make her and we go on to something else. She didn’t want to take her dewormer, so I didn’t make her take it from the syringe. I mixed it in her cookies and gave it to her in her treat bucket and she ate it up. She is becoming more affectionate with each passing day. Our training is very suttle and I don’t ask too much of her at this point, and the changes I see each day are so worth the wait. Thank you again for your blog.
Very interesting Carolyn! Just the other day I approached my horse in the pasture with her fly mask in hand. As I walked toward her she turned and started walking away. I asked her to whoa but she kept walking away from me. Not wanting her to feel that she was disobeying my request and “getting away with it” I started to wave the mask around and asked her to walk on. At first she started to trot away and then she just halted and allowed me to put her mask on….. It was as if she knew what I had wanted the whole time but it had to be on her terms to decide to listen!
Dear Candle.
What you are suggesting would work. Just avoid attitude and work light, stay soft. Don’t except a stop somewhere else other than where you want it. The only stop you want is on a certian spot. If your horse does not get it go on to something else. Just practise stop every time you work and it will come with out drilling it.
I would like you to do a coaching call and we could clear this up.
I get the kind of stops that you see right away for this approach. But I also have had years of training in how much progressive speed I ask for just before I ask for halt. For a horse to put on the breaks he must be excelerating at the moment you ask for halt. But you can not have the horse excellerating too much. To get the kind of halts you see that I get I have the horse trained to increase of decrease speed easily then I go to the halt training. It takes no time at all to teach once I have speed control first.
Dear Carolyn,
Please forgive me if this seems really dense, but I do not understand exactly what you mean when you say: But if I ask the horse to keep going without the punitive push, the horse will most likely stop the next time around like magic. If he does not stop on his own right away, then in just a few trips around, the horse will figure out the target point himself without the consequence of pressure brought into the mix.
Let’s say my horse is trotting around me. I cue him to stop. He ignores me and continues to circle me in trot. Because he is at liberty, the mere fact that he is continuing to circle me shows that our connection is intact, at least to some extent. What “punitive push” are you referring to? I have done nothing but ask for halt and been ignored.
Are you saying that the best way for me to deal with this situation is simply to repeat the cue when he comes around to the same spot again, without taking any other action that he might construe as pressure? Or alternatively to allow the horse to continue circling until he indicates that he is thinking about stopping (by flicking his ears, changing his impulsion, turning to look at me or some other physical gesture), and then gently repeating my cue in time with his own decision to break gait?
I think either technique would work to get a halt, if the horse already knows the cue from earlier work. But not necessarily that snap-to-it magical perfect halt I’ve seen you do in videos. Or is this just a preliminary step towards getting that kind of breathtaking halt?
Carolyn,
I’ll share 2 stories: 1 out of the blue and magical and 1 learned at liberty.
First, the magical, out of the blue: I’d like to tell you what Oreo offered about 2 months ago while we were playing. I was walking backwards and asking him to come along forward towards me as we’d done many times, from a good distance, about 30 feet. As he was coming along very nicely, when he was about 10 feet from me, he began to wander to his right just a little bit; I kept on my backward path and watched him with accepting and curious thoughts as to his agenda. I was thrilled to see what he had in mind: with his next few steps he carefully positioned himself to walk sideways toward me for a few steps, and then, just a wee bit clumsily, maneuvered his big hindquarters around so that he was set up to come backwards alongside me and mirror me (companion walking backwards).
Your method truly does inspire both of us as well as bring us both great joy and freedom!
Here’s our 2nd story: By the way, he is learning to maneuver his hindquarters with more and more agility when we do what I just descirbed. He practices when he does something he learned to do at liberty (even though the video showed how to teach it online, I might ad). He has learned to go backwards around me in a very tight circle and is growing more and more adept at swinging his body around me.
I’m not in the Insider Circle so I haven’t responded to yesterday’s assignment; however I was thinking about your assignment all during our play today. Your blog is such a treasure! Thank you! Thank you!
Hi Carolyn & all,
I had an interesting example of something like this with Buddy recently.
We were standing facing each other, just having a chat & breathing etc.
The day before he had finally felt relaxed enough to let me cut out the ‘worst dreadlock I’ve ever seen’ from his tail.
As I stood with him I simply thought about his tail & took a tiny step out to the side to have a look.
He lifted his head slightly, then stepped his hind around, stood square to me & dropped his head. Aha! I thought. I stepped to the other side & he did it again the other way. He was giving me a ‘bum yield’ as I call it, with out me realising I had asked.
So I praised him lavishly, did it once more each side & decided we had done a big lesson for that day.
I don’t know if he learnt this somewhere in his earlier life, or if he just responded to my movement, but it shows me how eager he is to try to read my signals & please me.
We are going slowly, slowly as he was so frightened. I am very much allowing him to show me what he is able to offer, then praising him for any little thing he gives.
This lesson for me of ‘no pressure, no punitive actions, freedom to leave’ has been proven by this beautiful horse. His true nature is beginning to show.
Thank you Carolyn.
Moyna